![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/lostdecades-e.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Toward Japan\u2019s rebuilding, it is imperative that we undertake a critical review of the country\u2019s so-called \u201cLost Decade(s).\u201d What specifically did Japan lose? How and why did Japan\u2019s policies fail? What was the alternative? In light of the further economic and political meltdowns likely to cloud Japan\u2019s prospects in the coming years, such questions must be addressed head-on.<\/p>\n
Getting to the bottom of these questions goes beyond national concerns; it goes beyond rebuilding Japan. Given Japan\u2019s key role in the regional order, Japan\u2019s precipitous decline would gravely destabilize the Asia-Pacific and, more broadly, the world. It is crucial to shed light on this linkage.<\/p>\n
In this sense, we reviewed past few decades from an international perspective rather than from a myopically Japan-centric one. The research took the format of a case study in 15 discourses. International research team collected the oral history, which the section authors then harness to compose the report. The team consists of both Japanese and international authors and researchers.<\/p>\n
Why has Japan still not been able to recover after the collapse of the bubble economy? This is the key puzzle that this project seeks to answer. A team of leading Japanese and international experts were assembled to examine Japan\u2019s \u201cLost Decades\u201d from multiple perspectives, such as: Japan\u2019s public finance, international relations, demographics, labor structure, women\u2019s life patterns, intergenerational fairness, business and technological innovation, etc. Routledge Contemporary Japan Series About the Project<\/a> Amazon<\/a><\/p>\n 1. Japan\u2019s Demographic Collapse and Vanishing Provinces The International Conference for the Lost Decades project was carried out May 10th \u2013 12th. <\/p>\n Atsushi SEIKE<\/span> He received BA in Economics and his MA and Ph.D. in Business and Commerce from Keio in 1978, 1980, 1993 respectively. He became Professor in Keio\u2019s faculty of Business and Commerce in 1992, serving as Dean from 2007-2009. He is a specialist in labor economics, authoring many books on this topic in Japanese including Towards an Age-free Society, and has received a number of academic prizes including Commendation of Excellent labor Related Publication 17th Prize, Japan Institute of Labor and the Yomiuri Shinbun-sya, 1994. He is currently a member of Labor Policy Council, Chairman of the Policy Studies Group for the Aged Society.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Adam S. POSEN<\/span> Member of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England, 2009-2012. Member of the Panel of Economic Advisers to the US Congressional Budget Office, 2007-present. His research and policy expertise focuses on macroeconomic policy, European and Japanese political economy, central banking issues, and the resolution of financial crises.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Kenneth N. KUTTNER<\/span> His research has addressed such issues as the roles of monetary aggregates and interest rates in monetary policy, inflation targeting, methods for <\/p>\n Keiichiro KOBAYASHI<\/span> He Joined the MITI in 1991 and was Fellow at RIETI from 2001. Extensive experience in macroeconomics research in areas such as endogenous growth theory, business cycles theory, financial crisis, and bad debt problem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Kazuhiko TOYAMA<\/span> With a background in business and a reputation as an innovator, he founded IGPI in 2007 and has seen the company thrive by providing management support services to struggling companies and offering strategies for long-term, sustainable business operations. A member of Japan\u2019s Council on Economic Fiscal Policy, and the Council for Science and Technology\u2019s Basic Plan Special Committee.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Andrew GORDON<\/span> He served as Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies from 1998-2004 and 2011-2012. He teaches courses on modern Japanese history with a primary research interest in labor, class and the social and political history of modern Japan. He is currently working with colleagues in Japan and the United States to create a digital archive of Japan\u2019s March 2011 disasters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Satoshi MACHIDORI<\/span> His expertise is in comparative politics. Major research themes are: Processes and structures of policy making in the legislatures; Inter-branch relationship in democratic polity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Koichi KITAZAWA<\/span> Chairman of the Independent Investigation Commission on Nuclear Accident of Tokyo Electric Daiichi Nuclear Power Station founded by Japan Rebuild Initiative Foundation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Takehiko KARIYA<\/span> He obtained his PhD in sociology at Northwestern University. He came to Oxford in 2008 from the Graduate School of Education at the University of Tokyo, where he had been a professor of sociology of education until 2009. His main areas of research are in sociology of education, social stratification, school-to-work transition, educational and social policies, and social changes in postwar Japan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Michael J. GREEN<\/span> His current research and writing is focused on Asian regional architecture, Japanese politics, U.S. foreign policy history, the Korean peninsula, Tibet, Burma, and U.S.-India relations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Kazuhiko TOGO<\/span> Former Ambassador of Japan to the Netherlands. Major expertise in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was Russia. After retirement in 2002, taught at many universities including Leiden, Princeton, and Seoul National. His recent publication covers Japanese foreign policy, territorial issues, historical memory issues, and Japan\u2019s lost national objectives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Peter DRYSDALE<\/span> He is widely recognized as the leading intellectual architect of APEC. He is recipient of the Asia Pacific Prize, the Weary Dunlop Award, the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun with Gold Rays and Neck Ribbon, the Australian Centenary Medal and he is a member of the Order of Australia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Shiro ARMSTRONG<\/span> He is also Editor of the East Asia Forum. Expertise in international economics and Asian economic integration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Sheila A. SMITH<\/span> Expertise in Japanese domestic politics and foreign policy; Northeast Asia regional security; and international relations of the Asia Pacific.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Takashi SHIRAISHI<\/span> He has taught at the University of Tokyo, Cornell University, Kyoto University, and GRIPS in Tokyo. He served as Standing Executive Member, Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP), Cabinet Office.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Nobumasa AKIYAMA <\/span> His research field is international politics, international security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n G. John IKENBERRY<\/span> Also, Co-Director of Princeton\u2019s Center for International Security Studies, and a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. In 2013-2014, he is the 72nd Eastman Visiting Professor at Balliol College, Oxford.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Law and Institution Studies Group, Inter-disciplinary Studies Center. His research field is Indonesia and Thai politics, Urban Politics in Southeast Asia, Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. He earned his Ph.D. in Area Studies from Kyoto University in 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n He received his undergraduate training at Georgetown University (one-year exchange program, Heiwa Nakajima Foundation scholar) and International Christian University (Chris-Wada scholar). He subsequently received his M.A. in political science (international relations) from Columbia University (Japanese government fellowship scholar). He was a recipient of the security studies fellowship from the Research Institute for Peace and Security (2010-2012). He was involved in drafting the report by the Independent Investigation Commission on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident. He is currently a non-resident SPF fellow at Pacific Forum CSIS and a Research Assistant at Keio University, Center of Governance for Civil Society.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n He also teaches finance and macroeconomics in the Department of Economics and at Hitotsubashi\u2019s Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy. He held the position of Principal Economist at the Institute of Policy Research, Ministry of Finance, Japan from April 2009 to March 2011. He earned his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1997.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n He obtained his Bachelor’s Degree of Laws at the University of Tokyo. His research field is Social security policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n Specializes in modern Japanese history, especially regional history and historical remembrance of the Showa era.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n Prior to the MBA course, he worked as a management consultant at Industrial Growth Platform, Inc. (IGPI) and McKinsey & Company. His clients included a few government agencies and various middle to large enterprises in electric utility, telecommunications, manufacturing, healthcare, and high-tech industries. He obtained his Bachelor\u2019s Degree of Laws (Department III: Political Science) at the University of Tokyo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n Research interest: comparative institutional study of party organizations, decentralization, local politics, and institutional reform. \n <\/p>\n His areas of interest are nuclear policy, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. He has experiences in nuclear policy research at International Atomic Energy Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. He was a member of the working group of Independent Investigation Commission on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n <\/p>\n His specialty is Japanese political history research after the World War II. In particular, it is research of the prime minister system and bureaucracy. \n <\/p>\n![](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Examining-Japans-Lost-Decades_edited.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
\nJapan\u2019s experience has global relevance and there are lessons to be learned from Japan\u2019s \u201clost 20 years.\u201d Developed countries across the world are facing the same economic and social challenges that have plagued Japan. Accordingly, Japan can serve as a model for future policy initiatives that will contribute to providing solutions to shared global challenges in the 21st century.<\/p>\n
\n\u201cExamining Japan’s Lost Decades\u201d
\nEdited by Yoichi Funabashi, Chairman, RJIF and Barak Kushner, University of Cambridge, Reader, the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
\nPublisher: Routledge Contemporary Japan Series
\nFirst Published: April 20, 2015
\nISBN-13: 978-1138885752<\/p>\nSee table of contents<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n2. Monetary and Fiscal Policies (Japan\u2019s fiscal policy failure)
\n3. The Two \u201cLost Decades\u201d and Macroeconomics: Changing Economic Policies)
\n4. The Curse of \u201cJapan, Inc.\u201d and Japan\u2019s Microeconomic Competitiveness
\n5. Making Sense of the Lost Decades: Workplaces and Schools, Men and Women, Young and Old, Rich and Poor
\n6. The Two Lost Decades in Education: The Failure of Reform
\n7. The Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Lost Opportunities and the \u201cSafety Myth\u201d
\n8. The Last Two Decades in Japanese Politics: Lost Opportunities and Undesirable Outcomes
\nII. THE GLOBAL SPHERE: DIPLOMACY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
\n9. The Gulf War and Japan\u2019s National Security Identity
\n10. Foreign Economic Policy Strategies and Economic Performance
\n11. Japan\u2019s Asia \/ Asia-Pacific Policy in Flux
\n12. Okinawa Bases and the U.S. \u2013 Japan Alliance
\n13. Japanese Historical Memory
\n14. Japan\u2019s Failed Bid for a Permanent Seat on the UN Security Council
\n15. The Stakeholder State: Ideology and Values in Japan\u2019s Search for a Post-Cold War Global Role<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nThe International Conference<\/h2>\n
\nThe aim of the international conference is for the author and researchers to gather in Tokyo and hold discussions on the contents and linkage of each chapter besides the conceptual question of \u201cwhat is the lost decades?\u201d. Since the project was launched in January, the Japanese authors and researchers had held meetings on a regular basis and contact with the authors overseas were carried out through teleconference but this is an important milestone in the process of the project and to deepen the understanding between each theme and chapter to push forward on the research. The authors and researchers came to a conclusion on the image of the final output of the project in order to carry out actual interviews and surveys.<\/p>\n\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/lostdecades_1.jpeg\")
\nDay1: Plenary session<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/lostdecades_2.jpeg\")
\nDay 1\uff1aBreak-out session<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/lostdecades_3.jpeg\")
\nDay 2\uff1aPlenary session (Videoconference from Washington)<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/lostdecades_4.jpeg\")
\nDay3: Plenary session<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nAuthor<\/h2>\n
\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/seike.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Demographics\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nPresident, Keio University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/posen.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Fiscal deficit \u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nPresident, the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE)<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kuttner.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Monetary Policy\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Economics at Williams College<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\nestimating potential output, the Japanese economy, and financial markets\u2019 reaction to
\nshifts in Federal Reserve policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kobayashi.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Competitiveness (macro-level)\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University
\nResearch Director of Canon Institute for Global Studies<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/toyama.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Competitiveness (micro-level) \u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nCEO and Representative Director of Industrial Growth Platform, Inc., (IGPI)<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/andrew.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Globalization (Labor\/Employment)\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nLee and Juliet Folger Fund Professor of History , Harvard University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/machidori.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Politics\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Graduate School of Law and School of Public Policy, Kyoto University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kitazawa.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Fukushima (governance failure)\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nPresident, Tokyo City University
\nFormer president of Japan Science and Technology Agency<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kariya.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Education\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Sociology of Japanese Society and Faculty Fellow, University of Oxford<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/green.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010The Gulf War, PKO\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nSenior Vice President for Asia \/ Japan Chair, Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS)
\nAssociate professor, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/togo.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010History Issues\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Kyoto Sangyo University
\nDirector of Institute for World Affairs<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peter.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Trade (FTA)\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nEmeritus Professor of Economics
\nthe Head of the East Asian Bureau of Economic Research and East Asia Forum, the Crawford School of Public Policy , the Australian National University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/armstrong.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Trade (FTA)\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nResearch Fellow, the Crawford School of Public Policy, the Australian National University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/sheila.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Okinawa\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nSenior Fellow for Japan Studies, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/shiraishi.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010China and East Asia\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nPresident, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)
\nPresident, JETRO Institute of Developing Economies<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/akiyama.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Japan\u2019s position in global community\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nProfessor, Graduate School of Law, School of International and Public Policy, Hitotsubashi University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ikenberry.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\u3010Ideas and ideology\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nAlbert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nResearcher<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/aizawa.jpg\")
<\/div>\nNobuhiro AIZAWA <\/span>
\nResearcher, JETRO Institute of Developing Economies<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/igata.jpg\")
<\/div>\nAkira IGATA<\/span>
\nDoctoral student, the Department of Law, Keio University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/iwaisako.jpg\")
<\/div>\n Tokuo IWAISAKO<\/span>
\nProfessor, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/uchiyama.jpg\")
<\/div>\n Hiroyuki UCHIYAMA <\/span>
\nFormer Professor, Faculty of Social Work, Japan College of Social Work<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/shimoda.jpg\"){kind=spacer}
<\/div>\nHiraku SHIMODA <\/span>
\nAssociate Professor, Faculty of Law, Waseda University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nikuni.jpg\")
<\/div>\nShinichi NIKKUNI <\/span>
\nMBA student at Judge Business School, the University of Cambridge<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/hijino.jpg\")
<\/div>\nKen Leonard Victor HIJINO <\/span>
\nAssociate Professor, Graduate School of System, Design and Management, Keio University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\nFormer correspondent for the Financial Times of London (2000-2003); PhD, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Cambridge UK (2009); Guest researcher at Osaka City University (2010). Swedish citizen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/horio.jpg\")
<\/div>\nKenta HORIO<\/span>
\nPh.D candidate, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/murai.jpg\")
<\/div>\nTetsuya MURAI <\/span>
\nPart-time Lecturer, the School of Law, Meiji University<\/p>\nProfile<\/a><\/div>\n\n
\nThere is \u201cThe origin of the political system of post war Japan : Shigeru Yoshida’s prime minister-led initiative\u201d (Fujiwara Shoten, 2008) as a work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/img\/lostdecades\/zelenzny.jpg\")
<\/div>\n
![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nishizaki.jpg\")
<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"\/GaIeyudaTuFo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kushner.jpg\")
<\/div>\n